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分析泉州電容器在電路中的作用有哪些！

來源：jincuigu.com.cn 發布時間：2019-11-09 返回
　　　在直流電路中，電容器是相當于斷路的。 電容器是一種能夠儲藏電荷的元件，也是常用的電子元件之一。今天小編就為大家介紹一下電容在電路中的作用是什么。
　　　

電容器


　　　1、什么是電容器
　　　
　　　定義：是(shi)由(you)兩塊(kuai)金屬電(dian)級(ji)(ji)之間(jian)夾一(yi)層絕緣電(dian)介質構成。當在(zai)兩金屬電(dian)級(ji)(ji)間(jian)加上電(dian)壓時，電(dian)級(ji)(ji)上就(jiu)會(hui)存儲(chu)(chu)電(dian)荷，所以電(dian)容器是(shi)儲(chu)(chu)能元件。任何(he)兩個彼此絕緣又相距很(hen)近的導體，組成一(yi)個電(dian)容器。平行板(ban)電(dian)容器由(you)電(dian)容器的級(ji)(ji)板(ban)和(he)電(dian)介質組成。
　　　
　　　2、電容在電路中的作(zuo)用
　　　
　　　1.旁路
　　　
　　　旁路電(dian)(dian)容(rong)是為(wei)本地(di)器(qi)件提供能(neng)量(liang)的(de)儲能(neng)器(qi)件，它能(neng)使穩壓器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出均勻化(hua)，降低負載需求。 就像小(xiao)型可充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池一樣(yang)，旁路電(dian)(dian)容(rong)能(neng)夠被充電(dian)(dian)，并向器(qi)件進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)。 為(wei)盡量(liang)減少阻抗(kang)，旁路電(dian)(dian)容(rong)要盡量(liang)靠近(jin)負載器(qi)件的(de)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源管(guan)腳和(he)地(di)管(guan)腳。 這能(neng)夠很(hen)好地(di)防止輸(shu)(shu)入值(zhi)過大而導致的(de)地(di)電(dian)(dian)位抬(tai)高和(he)噪(zao)聲。地(di)彈(dan)是地(di)連接處在通過大電(dian)(dian)流毛(mao)刺(ci)時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓降。
　　　
　　　2.去藕
　　　
　　　去藕電容就是起到一(yi)個“電池”的作用(yong)，滿足驅動電路電流的變化，避免相互間(jian)的耦合干擾。
　　　
　　　將旁路(lu)電容(rong)(rong)和(he)去藕(ou)電容(rong)(rong)結合(he)起(qi)來將更容(rong)(rong)易理解。旁路(lu)電容(rong)(rong)實際也是(shi)去藕(ou)合(he)的(de)，只是(shi)旁路(lu)電容(rong)(rong)一般是(shi)指高(gao)頻旁路(lu)，也就是(shi)給高(gao)頻的(de)開關噪聲提高(gao)一條低(di)阻抗(kang)泄防途(tu)徑(jing)。旁路(lu)是(shi)把(ba)輸入信(xin)號中(zhong)的(de)干擾作為(wei)濾除(chu)對(dui)象(xiang)，而去耦是(shi)把(ba)輸出(chu)信(xin)號的(de)干擾作為(wei)濾除(chu)對(dui)象(xiang)，防止干擾信(xin)號返回電源(yuan)。這應該是(shi)他們的(de)本(ben)質區別。
　　　
　　　3.濾波
　　　
　　　從(cong)理論(lun)上(shang)(即假設電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)為(wei)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong))說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)，阻抗越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)，通過的(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)也越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高。但實際上(shang)chao過1μF 的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)大(da)多為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，有很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感成份，所以(yi)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)高后反而阻抗會增大(da)。有時會看到(dao)有一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量較大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)并聯(lian)了一個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，這時大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)通低(di)頻(pin)，小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)通高頻(pin)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)作用就(jiu)是通高阻低(di)，通高頻(pin)阻低(di)頻(pin)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)低(di)頻(pin)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易通過。具(ju)體用在濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)中(zhong),大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(1000μF)濾(lv)低(di)頻(pin)，小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(20pF)濾(lv)高頻(pin)。曾有網友(you)形象地將濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)比作“水塘”。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)兩(liang)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)(bu)會突變，由(you)此可知，信號(hao)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高則衰減越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)，可很(hen)形象的(de)(de)說電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)像(xiang)個(ge)水塘，不(bu)(bu)會因幾滴水的(de)(de)加入或蒸發而引起水量的(de)(de)變化(hua)。它把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)變動轉化(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)變化(hua)，頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高，峰(feng)值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)，從(cong)而緩(huan)沖了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)就(jiu)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程。
　　　
　　　4.儲能
　　　
　　　儲能型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)通(tong)過整(zheng)流器(qi)收集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，并將(jiang)存儲的能量通(tong)過變換(huan)器(qi)引線傳送至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的輸出(chu)端(duan)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓額定值(zhi)為40～450VDC、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)值(zhi)在(zai)220～150 000μF 之間的鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(如EPCOS 公(gong)司(si)的 B43504 或B43505)是較(jiao)(jiao)為常用的。根據不同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源要(yao)求，器(qi)件有(you)時會采用串(chuan)聯、并聯或其組(zu)合的形式， 對于功(gong)率(lv)級(ji)chao過10KW 的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，通(tong)常采用體(ti)積較(jiao)(jiao)大的罐形螺(luo)旋端(duan)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。
　　　
　　　5.補償
　　　
　　　它是與諧振(zhen)電(dian)路(lu)主電(dian)容并聯的輔助(zhu)性電(dian)容，調整該電(dian)容能使振(zhen)蕩信(xin)號頻率范圍擴大。
　　　
　　　6.中(zhong)和
　　　
　　　并(bing)接在三級管(guan)放大器的(de)基級與發射級之間，構(gou)成負(fu)反饋網絡，以控制三級管(guan)級間電容造成的(de)自激振蕩。
　　　
　　　7.穩(wen)頻
　　　
　　　在振蕩電路中，起穩(wen)定振蕩頻率的作用(yong)。
　　　
　　　8.定時(shi)
　　　
　　　在RC時(shi)間常(chang)數電路(lu)中與電阻R串聯，共同決(jue)定充放(fang)電時(shi)間長短的電容(rong)。
　　　
　　　9.加速
　　　
　　　接(jie)在振蕩器反饋電路中(zhong)，使正(zheng)反饋過程加速，提高振蕩信號的幅度。
　　　
　　　10.縮(suo)短
　　　
　　　在(zai)UHF高頻頭電(dian)路中(zhong)，為了(le)縮短振蕩電(dian)感器(qi)長度而串接(jie)的電(dian)容。
　　　
　　　在中(zhong)學階(jie)段(duan)，有句話，就叫通交流(liu)，阻直流(liu)，說的就是電容(rong)的性質。在一(yi)般(ban)的電子電路(lu)中(zhong)，常用電容(rong)器通過旁路(lu)、耦合、濾波、振(zhen)蕩、相移以及(ji)波形(xing)變換等(deng)形(xing)式來發揮(hui)電容(rong)在電路(lu)中(zhong)的作(zuo)用。

電容器知識