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電容器是什么?電容器有多少種類?電容器有哪些特點?
電容器是電子設備中大量使用的電子元件之一,廣泛應用于啟動、隔直,耦合,旁路,濾波,調諧回路, 能量轉換,穩定、通交流、 阻直流、控制電路等方面。
那什(shen)么是電容(rong)器(qi)呢?
電容(rong)(capacitance)是(shi)(shi)儲(chu)存電量和電能(電勢(shi)能)的(de)元件。兩金(jin)屬板(ban)之(zhi)間有絕(jue)緣介(jie)質,即為(wei)電容(rong)器。 電路圖(tu)中多半以(yi)C開(kai)頭標示電容(rong),例:C01、C02、C03、C100等。電容(rong)的(de)單位是(shi)(shi)法拉(la)(farad),簡稱(cheng)為(wei)F;
鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器
常(chang)見電容器分類
按介(jie)質、結構(gou)、用(yong)途、材質,封裝外形可分為以下幾種:
一(yi)、按介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)為(wei) 4 種: 有機(ji)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)解器(qi)、無機(ji)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和氣體介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi);
a、有(you)機介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi):漆膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、紙介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi) 、紙膜(mo)復合(he)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、混合(he)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi) 、薄膜(mo)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi);
b、無機(ji)介質電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi) : 云(yun)母電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、玻璃膜電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi);
c、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi):鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、鈮電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、鈦電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、合(he)金電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi);
d、氣體介質電容器(qi) :(真空(kong)、空(kong)氣、充氣、氣膜復合(he)等)?,常應用于(yu):電子儀(yi)器(qi),廣播電視設備(bei)等;
二、按結構分為 3 種 :固定電容器(qi)(qi)、可(ke)變電容器(qi)(qi)、微調電容器(qi)(qi)(半可(ke)變電容器(qi)(qi))
三、按用途分(fen)為 7 種:高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)旁路(lu)、低頻(pin)(pin)旁路(lu)、調(diao)諧、濾(lv)波、高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)耦(ou)(ou)合、低頻(pin)(pin)耦(ou)(ou)合、小型(xing)電(dian)容(rong);
a、高頻旁路(lu):陶瓷電容(rong)器(qi)、云母電容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃膜電容(rong)器(qi)、滌綸電容(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電容(rong)器(qi);
b、低頻旁路:紙介電容器(qi)、陶(tao)瓷電容器(qi)、鋁電解電容器(qi)、滌綸電容器(qi);
c、調諧 : 陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、云母(mu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻璃(li)膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、聚(ju)苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi);
d、濾波 : 鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器、紙介(jie)電(dian)容(rong)器、復合紙介(jie)電(dian)容(rong)器、液體鉭電(dian)容(rong)器;
e、高頻耦合 : 陶瓷電容(rong)器(qi)、云母電容(rong)器(qi)、聚苯乙烯電容(rong)器(qi);
f、低頻耦合 : 紙介(jie)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、固體(ti)鉭電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi);
g、小(xiao)型電(dian)容(rong)(rong) : 金屬化(hua)紙(zhi)介電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鋁(lv)電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、聚(ju)苯乙烯電(dian) 容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、金屬化(hua)滌綸電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、聚(ju)丙烯電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。
四(si):按材質分為(wei) 4 種:陶瓷電容器(qi)、滌綸(lun)電容器(qi)、電解電容器(qi)、聚丙烯電容器(qi);
五:按封裝外(wai)形分為 8 種(zhong):圓柱形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、圓片(pian)形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、管(guan)形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、疊片(pian)形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、長方形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、珠狀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、方塊狀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、異形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi);
常(chang)見電容器組成與(yu)特點:
陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容(rong):以高介電(dian)常數、低損耗(hao)的(de)陶瓷(ci)材(cai)料(liao)為介質,特點:體積小,自(zi)體電(dian)感小;
云母電容:以云母片作介質的電容器,特點:高穩定性(xing)(xing),高精密度 ,頻率(lv)特性(xing)(xing)好,擁有優(you)良性(xing)(xing)能;
紙質(zhi)電容(rong):以浸(jin)蠟的紙作為絕緣介(jie)質(zhi),用鋁箔(bo)或(huo)錫箔(bo)做(zuo)成(cheng)電級,相疊后卷成(cheng)圓(yuan)柱體,外部為防(fang)潮(chao)物質(zhi),可防(fang)潮(chao),價格(ge)低(di),容(rong)量大,工藝簡單;
薄(bo)膜電(dian)容:結構與紙(zhi)(zhi)質電(dian)容器(qi)相似,不同的是(shi)用聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯或(huo)滌(di)綸等有機薄(bo)膜代替紙(zhi)(zhi)介(jie)質,做成的電(dian)容器(qi),體(ti)積小,但(dan)損耗大,穩定性差;
電解電容:容量大,穩定性差(cha),(使用(yong)時(shi)注意級性,避免出現故障)
獨石電(dian)容:容量大(da)、體積小、穩(wen)定靠譜、性能良好等;廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)電(dian)子精密(mi)儀器。