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穿心電容為何能有效地濾除高頻噪聲?

來源:jincuigu.com.cn 發布時間:2020-09-15 返回
      穿心電容為何能有效地濾除高頻噪聲?

      

       一、關于電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的幾個基本公(gong)式:一個電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),如果帶(dai)1C的電(dian)(dian)量(liang)時,兩級間的電(dian)(dian)勢差是1伏,這個電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)就是1F,即:C=Q/U 但電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的大小不是由Q(帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)量(liang))或U(電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))決定的,電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的公(gong)式為:C=εS/4πkd 。

  
  其中(zhong),ε是一(yi)個常(chang)數,S為電(dian)容(rong)(rong)極板(ban)的(de)正對(dui)面積,d為電(dian)容(rong)(rong)極板(ban)的(de)距離, k則是靜電(dian)力常(chang)量(liang)。常(chang)見(jian)的(de)平行(xing)板(ban)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器,電(dian)容(rong)(rong)為C=εS/d.(ε為極板(ban)間介質的(de)介電(dian)常(chang)數,S為極板(ban)面積,d為極板(ban)間的(de)距離。)
  
  定義(yi)式:電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的電(dian)勢能計算(suan)公(gong)(gong)式:多電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)并聯計算(suan)公(gong)(gong)式:多電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)串(chuan)聯計算(suan)公(gong)(gong)式:二(er)、穿心電(dian)容(rong)與普通電(dian)容(rong)的區別?
  
  穿心(xin)電(dian)容(rong)是(shi)一(yi)種三(san)端(duan)電(dian)容(rong),與普(pu)通的三(san)端(duan)電(dian)容(rong)相比,由于它(ta)(ta)直接安裝(zhuang)在(zai)金屬(shu)(shu)面板(ban)上,因此它(ta)(ta)的接地(di)電(dian)感更小,幾乎沒(mei)有(you)(you)引線(xian)電(dian)感的影響,因此穿心(xin)電(dian)容(rong)較普(pu)通電(dian)容(rong)有(you)(you)更高的自諧振(zhen)頻率;另外,它(ta)(ta)的輸(shu)入輸(shu)出端(duan)被金屬(shu)(shu)板(ban)隔(ge)離,消除(chu)了(le)(le)高頻耦合,這兩個特點決定了(le)(le)穿心(xin)電(dian)容(rong)具(ju)有(you)(you)接近理(li)想電(dian)容(rong)的濾波(bo)效(xiao)果。
  
  三(san)、穿(chuan)心電容為何(he)能有(you)效地濾除高頻噪(zao)聲?
  
  在實際工程中,要濾除(chu)的電(dian)磁噪(zao)聲頻(pin)率往往高(gao)達數(shu)百MHz,甚(shen)至超過(guo)1GHz。對這(zhe)樣高(gao)頻(pin)的電(dian)磁噪(zao)聲必(bi)須(xu)使(shi)(shi)用穿(chuan)心電(dian)容(rong)(rong)才(cai)能(neng)有效地濾除(chu)。普(pu)通電(dian)容(rong)(rong)之所以不能(neng)有效地濾除(chu)高(gao)頻(pin)噪(zao)聲,是因(yin)(yin)為兩個原(yuan)因(yin)(yin):一個原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是電(dian)容(rong)(rong)引線電(dian)感造成電(dian)容(rong)(rong)諧(xie)振,對高(gao)頻(pin)信號(hao)(hao)呈(cheng)現較大的阻抗(kang),削(xue)弱(ruo)了(le)(le)對高(gao)頻(pin)信號(hao)(hao)的旁路作(zuo)用;另一個原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是導線之間的寄(ji)生(sheng)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)使(shi)(shi)高(gao)頻(pin)信號(hao)(hao)發生(sheng)耦合(he),降低(di)了(le)(le)濾波效果。
  
  穿(chuan)心(xin)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)是一種三(san)端電(dian)容(rong)(rong),因(yin)其空心(xin)的(de)(de)物理(li)結構而得名。屏蔽腔體輸(shu)出或輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)低頻信號(包括電(dian)源),經過(guo)穿(chuan)心(xin)式電(dian)容(rong)(rong)接進來,可以過(guo)濾(lv)掉一部分(fen)帶進來的(de)(de)噪聲,因(yin)此,穿(chuan)心(xin)式電(dian)容(rong)(rong)在(zai)很多專用高頻、微波(bo)等設備中大(da)量使(shi)用。穿(chuan)心(xin)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)與普通的(de)(de)三(san)端電(dian)容(rong)(rong)相(xiang)比,由于它直接安裝(zhuang)在(zai)金屬面(mian)板上(shang),因(yin)此它的(de)(de)接地電(dian)感更(geng)小,幾(ji)乎沒有(you)(you)引(yin)線(xian)電(dian)感的(de)(de)影響(xiang),另外,它的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)出端被金屬板隔離(li)(li),利用金屬面(mian)板起到高頻隔離(li)(li)的(de)(de)作用,消除了(le)高頻耦合,這兩個特(te)點(dian)決定(ding)了(le)穿(chuan)心(xin)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)具有(you)(you)接近理(li)想電(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)濾(lv)波(bo)效(xiao)果。
  
  四、主要(yao)應(ying)用穿心電(dian)容(rong)主要(yao)應(ying)用于(yu):饋(kui)通(tong)濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、低通(tong)濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、EMI濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、信(xin)號濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、濾波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、焊接(jie)式饋(kui)通(tong)濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)、螺(luo)紋式饋(kui)通(tong)濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)。
  
  五(wu)、結構(gou)(gou)特(te)點及選型(xing)注意點較簡單的穿心結構(gou)(gou)是由內外電(dian)極和陶瓷構(gou)(gou)成的一個(C型(xing))或兩(liang)個電(dian)容(Pi型(xing))。
  
  穿心電容(rong)的(de)(de)介(jie)質(zhi)為陶(tao)瓷(ci)介(jie)質(zhi),而(er)陶(tao)瓷(ci)電容(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)會(hui)隨環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)而(er)變(bian)化(hua),這種容(rong)量(liang)變(bian)化(hua)會(hui)影(ying)響濾波器的(de)(de)濾波截止率(lv)。陶(tao)瓷(ci)電容(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)率(lv)是由陶(tao)瓷(ci)介(jie)質(zhi)本身決定的(de)(de)。因此,選擇(ze)適(shi)當的(de)(de)陶(tao)瓷(ci)介(jie)質(zhi)非常(chang)重(zhong)要。