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濾波器動態
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能有效地濾除高頻噪聲的穿心電容
在實際工程中,要濾除的電磁噪聲頻率往往高達數百MHz,甚至超過1GHz。對這樣高頻的電磁噪聲必須使用穿心電容才能有效地濾除。普通電容之所以不能有效地濾除高頻噪聲,是因為兩個原因,一個原因是電容引線電感造成電容諧振,對高頻信號呈現較大的阻抗,削弱了對高頻信號的旁路作用;另一個原因是導線之間的寄生電容使高頻信號發生耦合。
一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi),如(ru)果帶1庫的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量時兩級間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差是1伏,這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)就(jiu)是1法(fa),即(ji):C=Q/U 但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小不是由Q(帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量)或U(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)決定的(de)(de)(de),即(ji):C=εS/4πkd 。其中,ε是一個常數(shu),S為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)正對面(mian)積(ji),d為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離, k則是靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力常量。常見的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)行板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)C=εS/d.(ε為(wei)(wei)(wei)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間介(jie)質的(de)(de)(de)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數(shu),S為(wei)(wei)(wei)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)面(mian)積(ji),d為(wei)(wei)(wei)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離。)
定(ding)義式:C=Q/U
電容器的電勢能計算(suan)公式:E=CU^2/2=QU/2=Q^2/2C
多電容器并聯計算公式:C=C1+C2+C3+…+Cn
多電(dian)容器串聯(lian)計(ji)算(suan)公式:1/C=1/C1+1/C2+…+1/Cn
三電(dian)容器串(chuan)聯:C=(C1*C2*C3)/(C1*C2+C2*C3+C1*C3)
降低了濾(lv)波效果,穿(chuan)心電(dian)容之所以能有效地(di)濾(lv)除高頻噪聲,是因為穿(chuan)心電(dian)容不僅沒有引線電(dian)感造成電(dian)容諧振頻率過低的問題,而且穿(chuan)心電(dian)容可以直接安(an)裝在(zai)金屬面(mian)板(ban)上,利用(yong)金屬面(mian)板(ban)起(qi)到高頻隔離的作用(yong)。
穿心(xin)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)是一(yi)種(zhong)三端(duan)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong),因(yin)其空(kong)心(xin)的(de)物(wu)理(li)結構而得名。屏蔽腔體輸出或輸入的(de)低頻信號(包括電(dian)源),經過穿心(xin)式(shi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)接進來(lai)(lai),可(ke)以過濾掉一(yi)部分帶進來(lai)(lai)的(de)噪聲,因(yin)此,穿心(xin)式(shi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)在(zai)很多(duo)專用(yong)高頻、高頻、微波設備(bei)中(zhong)大量使(shi)用(yong)。