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剖析電容器維護原理及功用有哪些

來源：jincuigu.com.cn 發布時間：2021-11-08 返回
  電容器組回路普通不裝設電流速斷維護，由于速斷維護要思索躲過電容器組合閘沖擊電流及對外放電電流的影響，其維護范圍和效果不能充沛應用。
  電容器
  過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)維護原理(li)及(ji)功(gong)用(yong)   由于系統負荷變化等緣由，系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也經常(chang)變化。穿芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)輸(shu)出的(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率和內(nei)部(bu)有功(gong)功(gong)率損耗與兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)平方成正比，即(ji)Qc=ωCU2 P=ωCU2tgδ。當運轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過高(gao)(gao)時，箱殼內(nei)的(de)有功(gong)損失增加(jia)的(de)很快(kuai)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)產生的(de)熱量超(chao)越電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)冷卻作用(yong)所能散到(dao)四周(zhou)空氣中(zhong)的(de)熱量時，熱均衡就被毀壞，溫度升高(gao)(gao)，游(you)離增大(da)，使介(jie)質老化，壽命降低。
  
  國度規范規則，電(dian)容器允(yun)許的(de)工頻過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)持續(xu)時間為：在(zai)(zai)1.1倍(bei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下，可長(chang)期運轉；在(zai)(zai)1.15倍(bei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，每24小時可運轉30min；在(zai)(zai)1.2倍(bei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，為5min；在(zai)(zai)1.3倍(bei)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，為1min。
  
  為瞬時呈(cheng)現過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)后，過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)元(yuan)(yuan)件能牢靠返回，過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)元(yuan)(yuan)件宜有(you)較(jiao)高的返回系數(shu)，可取0.95(>0.98)。
  
  過電(dian)(dian)壓元件電(dian)(dian)壓取自母線(xian)(xian)PT。為(wei)防止在母線(xian)(xian)單相接地時過電(dian)(dian)壓維護誤動，電(dian)(dian)壓采用(yong)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓。
  
  由(you)于電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)取自(zi)母線PT，為避免電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)未(wei)投入(ru)運轉時，母線電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)高誤切穿芯電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)，過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)元件(jian)中加有斷路(lu)器(qi)合位判據。
  
  從穿芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自身特性看，運轉中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)假(jia)如忽然失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自身并無(wu)損傷。但可能(neng)產(chan)生以下(xia)結果(guo)：①當(dang)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)側斷開、事故(gu)跳閘(zha)(zha)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)急劇降落時(shi)(shi)，假(jia)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還(huan)(huan)接于(yu)母線(xian)上(shang)，則當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)重合閘(zha)(zha)或(huo)(huo)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)自投后，母線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很快恢復(fu)(fu)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)殘壓(ya)(ya)還(huan)(huan)未降到0.1倍的(de)(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)狀況下(xia)，就有可能(neng)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)接受高于(yu)1.1倍的(de)(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而損壞。②當(dang)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)(fu)時(shi)(shi)，若變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)合閘(zha)(zha)，可能(neng)產(chan)生諧振過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)損壞。③變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)初期，若變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還(huan)(huan)未帶上(shang)負(fu)荷或(huo)(huo)負(fu)荷較少，母線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較高，也可能(neng)惹起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。故(gu)加設低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)，且其(qi)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)限(xian)(xian)應(ying)小于(yu)上(shang)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進(jin)線(xian)重合閘(zha)(zha)或(huo)(huo)BZT的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)限(xian)(xian)（變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)或(huo)(huo)其(qi)它維(wei)(wei)護(hu)跳開母線(xian)進(jin)線(xian)斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)同時(shi)(shi)聯跳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，但若加設低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)，且其(qi)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)限(xian)(xian)整定恰當(dang)，可不聯跳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）。
  
  低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)取自母(mu)(mu)線(xian)PT，為(wei)避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器未(wei)投入運轉時，母(mu)(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低誤(wu)切電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)元(yuan)件中加有斷路器合位判據(ju)。為(wei)防止在PT斷線(xian)時低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)維護誤(wu)動，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采(cai)用(yong)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，由軟(ruan)件計算(suan)得出；且可經過(guo)控制字選(xuan)擇能否經有流閉鎖。

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